MODAL VERBS

THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT MODAL VERBS:

1.- NO -S after he/she or it: She can speak English
2.-NO - DO/DOES IN QUESTIONS OR NEGATIVE FORMS.


CAN SHE SPEAK ENGLISH?  V   
NO: does she can speak English? X


3.- They can't be used without a main verb,

4.- They can't form gerunds or participles,

5.- They  do not have any endings to show person, number, or tense.

6.-  Modal verbs form questions without the help of the other auxiliary verbs 

7.-All modal verbs take the infinitive without the particle "to".

8.-when speaking about the main meaning of the verb CAN, some linguists use the words "ability, possibility", others speak about "physical and mental ability", still others say "ability, power, skill, opportunity".

CAN: ABILITY- POSSIBILITY- PERMISSIION- PROHIBITION- NEGATIVE CERTAINTY-


CLICK ON THE FOLLOWING LINK AND DO THE MODAL CAN EXERCISE

jobs / occupations 1

Watch, listen and pay attention

Occupations/ jobs video

Watch and repeat

Vocabulary : Jobs / occupations

Professions and Jobs

This is a list of the most common jobs and professions in English.

Professions and Jobs - People

accountant

actor

air steward

architect

assistant

personal assistant

shop assistant

author

baker

barman / barmaid / bar person

builder

businessman / businesswoman / executive

butcher

caretaker

chef

civil servant

clerk

computer operator / programmer

cook

decorator

dentist

designer

director

company director

film director

doctor

driver bus / taxi / train driver

garbageman (refuse collector)

economist

editor

electrician

engineer

farmer

fisherman

fishmonger

flight attendant

hairdresser

head teacher

jeweler

journalist

judge

lawyer

lecturer

manager

miner

musician

news reader / news presenter

nurse

optician

painter

photographer

pilot

plumber

police officer

politician

porter

printer

prison officer / warder

receptionist

sailor

salesman / saleswoman /salesperson

scientist

secretary

soldier

solicitor

surgeon

tailor

teacher

telephonist

telephone operator

travel agent

TV cameraman

TV presenter

vet

waiter

writer

Revision Exercises

Reading
The vegetarian option
1 Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? Circle your
answers.
1 Vegetarians don’t eat any meat T / F
2 70% of people in India don’t eat any meat. T / F
3 Eating a lot of meat is bad for our planet. T / F
4 People eat vegetarian food around the world. T / F
2 Read the magazine article and check your answers to
exercise 1.


The vegetarian option

In today’s food column, we look at vegetarian food. It’s a popular option in restaurants

around the world, but what exactly is a vegetarian?

Vegetarians, semi-vegetarians and vegans

Vegetarians don’t eat any meat or fish. That is clear, but there are different types of

vegetarian. Vegans, for example, don’t eat any animal products, so vegan food doesn’t

have any cheese, eggs or milk in it. Other people are semi-vegetarians and eat some fish

but don’t eat any meat.

Why be a vegetarian?

About 70% of the world’s vegetarians live in India, where about 30% of the population

are vegetarians. A lot of these people are Hindus, so religion is an important reason for

eating vegetarian food.

Other people eat vegetarian food to help our planet. We eat a lot of meat, and to make

the space to produce it, we need to cut down trees and plants, and that’s bad for the

environment. Also, to produce 1 kilo of meat, an animal needs 8 kilos of vegetarian

food. It’s better for the global population if we eat this food.

There are also vegetarians who think it’s wrong to eat animals, or who eat vegetarian

food because it’s healthy.

A global option

For all these reasons, vegetarian food has a good future. Between 3 and 7% of people

in the UK are vegetarian, and 86% of the population eat vegetarian food one or two

days a week. In Brazil the figure is between 5 and 10%. And Ghent, in Belgium, is the

first city in the world to have one official vegetarian day every week.

Glossary

• cut down (verb) – to make a tree fall to the ground
• Hindu (noun) – a person who follows Hinduism,
• the major religion in India
• produce (verb) – to make or grow
• religion (noun) – Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism and
• Christianity are examples of a religion
• wrong (adjective) – bad, not good

Complete the questions with the correct option. Then
answer the questions.


1 How much / many reasons does the article mention for
eating vegetarian food?
2 How much / many food does an animal eat to produce a
kilo of meat?
3 How much / many people in the UK are vegetarians?
4 How much / often does Ghent have a vegetarian day?


5 Complete the description with any, some, much, many or
a lot of.





VEGETARIAN,NOT VEGETARIAN

‘I’m a flexitarian. I’m not a vegetarian, but I don’t

eat (1)....................... meat, just one or two times

a week. I eat (2)....................... vegetarian food –

two or three times a day – , and I also eat

(3).............................. fish for lunch or dinner two

days a week. I don’t eat (4).......................... fruit

because I hate it.

I don’t have (5)......................... reasons for being

a flexitarian – just one, in fact. Vegetarian food is

good for the planet. There are (6).......................

people in the world who need more food – millions

of people – and vegetarian food is more economical

to produce.

Celebrating the 200th birthday of Charles Dickens

For Further information click on the following link :


Charles Dickens 2012

WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR ENGLISH EASILY

 Easy Ways to Improve Your English

1. Learn a new word or expression every day and try to use it in a sentence.

2. Read a book over the holidays. Try setting yourself the goal of just 10 pages a day.

3. Sign up for a language-learning newsletter and receive free content via e-mail or mobile phone text messages.

4. Listen to or read the lyrics to a song. Once you’ve learnt it, sing along to the song… or sing it to some friends.

5. Learn as many words as you can from one lexical set: the computer, sports, hobbies, pets, the pub, etc.

6. Watch a DVD in English with the English subtitles switched on.

7. Try watching a film that you’ve already seen in your own language. You’ll find it much easier to follow.

8. Write updates on your Facebook or Twitter page in English. Alternatively, write a blog in English and share it with your friends.

9. As you’re doing something, describe what it is in English. For example, “I’m writing a report. / I’m sending an e-mail. / I’m jogging in the park.”

10. Speak in English with your friends for ten minutes every day.

11. Get someone to have a conversation with him/her for an hour a week. Foreign students in most towns or cities would be more than happy to earn €10 to €15 an hour just for chatting.

12. Read an article online in your own language. Then, copy and paste the text into “Google Translate” and translate it into English. Once you’ve done that, read the English translation of the article. As you’ve already read it in your own language, you’ll be amazed at how much you understand.

Have fun! And happy learning.

How often do you wash your hands a day?

Here you have a list with questions of the type "How often do you.....? 
Answer them using :
(always, never, often, once a day.........).
If you need examples have a look at this link: ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA [ you'll find examples translated ]

• How often do you travel?
• How often do you wake up in the middle of the night?
• How often do you go to the dentist?
• How often do you go to church?
• How often do you eat candies?
• How often do you go to the doctor?
• How often do you say "I Love you" to your parents?
• How often do you take your English book to study?
• How often do you practice sports?
• How often do you brush your teeth?
• How often do you listen to music?
• How often do you read?
• How often do you go to the shopping mall?
• How often do you buy clothes?
• How often do you eat fast food?
• How often do you have English classes?
• How often do you go out with your friends?
• How often do you go to the movies?
• How often do you go for a walk?
• How often do you use the Internet?

Some uses of "LIKE" in English

We have worked the " What  would you like to have? ¿ qué querrías tomar, que te apetecería tomar?. 

But we mentioned that there are different uses of LIKE. For example "like" in present and "would like "Estas son las 2 formas que nosotros hemos visto en clase.

Son dos tiempos verbales diferentes. El primero se refiere al tiempo presente ,luego hace referencia a una situación habitual, rutinaria en la vida diaria. En el segundo caso se hace referencia "a este momento en cuestión" ahora mismo. Cuando estamos hablando.

DO YOU LIKE = te gusta...

WOULD YOU LIKE = te gustaría...

Do you like tea? Te gusta el te?

Would you like a cup of tea? Le/Te apetecería una taza de te?

Pero hay más usos de "like". Here you have a summary of them

Usos de 'Like' en Inglés

Like' puede ser usado como verbo o como preposición. Existen diversas preguntas comunes con 'like' que son fáciles de confundir.

1. What's he like? - 'What … like?' es usado para preguntar sobre el carácter de una persona u objeto y es de naturaleza general.
2. What does he like? - Este uso del verbo 'Like' es para preferencias generales. 'Like' como verbo es generalmente seguido por la forma 'ing' del verbo (I like playing tennis).
3. What does she look like? - 'Like' es usado como preposición para expresarse sobre una apariencia física. En este caso, 'like' también puede significar 'similar to' si está haciendo comparaciones con otras personas.
4. What would you like to drink? - Otro uso común de 'like' es un 'would like' para expresar deseos. Note que 'would like' es seguido por la forma en infinitivo del verbo y no por la forma '-ing'.

Usos de like

View more documents from immaci

Food related vocab and some phonetics

What about revising some more food vocab with a bit of phonetics?

Follow and repeat the words in the next video.

My favourite food

Our topic in Unit 4 " BED AND BREAKFAST" deals with different items:

1. Food and drink
2. countable and uncountable nouns
3. There is /there are
4. Description of a house and furniture

Here you have some videos where you can revise some of those items.

Nouns that can be both countable and uncountable

Nouns that can be Countable and Uncountable

Sometimes, the same noun can be countable and uncountable, often with a change of meaning.

Countable		Uncountable
There are two hairs in my coffee!	hair	I don't have much hair.
There are two lights in our bedroom.	light	Close the curtain. There's too much light!
Shhhhh! I thought I heard a noise. There are so many different noises in the city.	noise	It's difficult to work when there is too much noise.
Have you got a paper to read? (newspaper) Hand me those student papers.	paper	I want to draw a picture. Have you got some paper?
Our house has seven rooms.	room	Is there room for me to sit here?
We had a great time at the party. How many times have I told you no?	time	Have you got time for a coffee?
Macbeth is one of Shakespeare's greatest works.	work	I have no money. I need work!

****English tip (consejo)


Drinks (coffee, water, orange juice) are usually uncountable. But if we are
thinking of a cup or a glass, we can say (in a restaurant, for example):
Two teas and one coffee please.

Countable and uncountable nouns

Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:

• music, art, love, happiness
• advice, information, news
• furniture, luggage
• rice, sugar, butter, water
• electricity, gas, power
• money, currency

We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example:

• This news is very important.
• Your luggage looks heavy.

We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say "an information" or "a music". But we can say a something of:

• a piece of news
• a bottle of water
• a grain of rice

We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:

• I've got some money.
• Have you got any rice?

We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:

• I've got a little money.
• I haven't got much rice.

Uncountable nouns are also called "mass nouns".

Here are some more examples of countable and uncountable nouns:

Countable	Uncountable
dollar	money
song	music
suitcase	luggage
table	furniture
battery	electricity
bottle	wine
report	information
tip	advice
journey	travel
job	work
view	scenery

When you learn a new word, it's a good idea to learn whether it's countable or uncountable

Countable and Uncountable nouns

Countable Nouns

Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:

• dog, cat, animal, man, person
• bottle, box, litre
• coin, note, dollar
• cup, plate, fork
• table, chair, suitcase, bag

Countable nouns can be singular or plural:

• My dog is playing.
• My dogs are hungry.

We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns:

• A dog is an animal.

When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it:

• I want an orange. (not I want orange.)
• Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?)

When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:

• I like oranges.
• Bottles can break.

We can use some and any with countable nouns:

• I've got some dollars.
• Have you got any pens?

We can use a few and many with countable nouns:

• I've got a few dollars.
• I haven't got many pens.

"People" is countable. "People" is the plural of "person". We can count people:

• There is one person here.
• There are three people here.